Rutherford AVA
Images Courtesy of Suzanne Becker Bronk
The Rutherford AVA is a centrally located Napa Valley sub-appellation on the valley floor, known for its warm abundant sunshine and cool evenings, which is well suited to wine production. Also known for its numerous historic and famous vineyards.
Appellation Details
Rutherford is located at the widest part of Napa Valley, therefore the vines enjoy the most sun of any of the valley floor appellations. This makes for phenolically ripe wines with soft tannins and dense fruit. The benchland, which has deep gravelly soils and protection from the hot sun, imbues a nobility and elegance into the mix, along with distinctively grainy tannins which some associate with the term “Rutherford Dust.” The western benchland is protected from the hot afternoon sun by the mountains of the Mayacamas; across the valley, along the eastern edge of the appellation, a complex series of hills and folds in the Vacas make for a series of unique microclimates.
Rutherford is home to some of Napa Valley’s most famous and historic wineries but it also contains some large tracts of vineyard holdings by larger farming operations. Cabernet Sauvignon is the dominant grape here but Sauvignon Blanc is also plentiful and being planted this far north makes for an especially charming and tropical wine.
Elevation:
- 155 to 500 feet (47 to 152 m)
Soils:
- Western benchland is composed of sedimentary, gravelly, sandy and alluvial soils
- The eastern side has more volcanic soils and is moderately deep
- Good water retention
- Good soil fertility
Climate:
- Moderately warm, but still marginally influenced by early morning fog
- The western bench area is cooler, with less late afternoon sun, tempered by afternoon marine winds
- Averages a bit warmer than Oakville and Stags Leap District to the south
- Large diurnal range
- Usual summer peak temperatures are mid-90s°F (35°C)
- Located at Napa Valley’s widest point, it has a higher radiant value than other AVAs
Rainfall:
- Up to 38 inches (96 cm) annually
Principal Varieties:
- Cabernet Sauvignon
- Sauvignon Blanc
- Merlot
Rutherford AVA History
The Rutherford AVA is located in what was the original Rancho Caymus land grant that was awarded to early Napa Valley pioneer George C. Yount in 1836. The land grant consisted of two leagues of land bestowed by Governor Nicolas Gutierrez, with influence from Yount’s friend General Mariano Vallejo. In 1864, George Yount gave a 1040 acre portion of the rancho to his granddaughter Elizabeth and her new husband Thomas Rutherford as a wedding gift and the area still bears their name to this day. While George Yount is considered the first person to plant grapevines in Napa Valley, the Rutherfords were among some of the early Napa winemakers as well, planting vineyards through the late 1880’s.
In the late 1880’s the root louse Phylloxera infested much of Napa County, slowing wine production in most areas to a standstill. However, grapevine planting and growing in Rutherford were not affected as much as other regions in the Napa Valley. The first person to import grapevines with Phylloxera resistant rootstock was Georges de Latour, who purchased four acres of land near Rutherford in 1900 and named it “Beaulieu” or “Beautiful Place.” De Latour went on to become a prominent supplier of Phylloxera resistant rootstock to other vineyards throughout California.
In 1920 with the passing of Prohibition, many Napa Valley wineries were forced to shut down or begin producing grape juice instead. Through his close connection with the Catholic Church, Georges de Latour was able to stay in business by producing Sacramental Wine for religious ceremonies.
After the repeal of Prohibition in 1933, De Latour continued to produce fine table wines for the public and gain recognition for Napa Valley as a region producing high quality wines. De Latour’s Beaulieu winery and nearby Inglenook winery began to earn gold medals in international competition and in 1939 Rutherford’s reputation for fine wines was established when Georges de Latour won a gold medal at the Golden Gate International Exposition for his 1936 vintage Cabernet Sauvignon.
In addition to solidifying Rutherford’s status as a fine wine producing region, Georges de Latour also inspired a younger generation of many of the region’s more contemporary winemakers such as Andre Tchelistcheff. During his career as a winemaker, Tchelistcheff introduced new methods of winemaking including vineyard frost protection, cold fermentation and malolactic fermentation and was the creator of the original “Georges de Latour Private Reserve” label.
Rutherford AVA was officially recognized as an American Viticultural Area in 1993 and today is home to some of Napa Valley’s most historical and critically acclaimed vineyards and wineries.
Quotes
“Rutherford’s benchlands, marked by varying alluvial fans, produce rich, dense and often famous Cabernet Sauvignons. Riparian sites here, scoured over the eons by the Napa River have a broad variety of soil types and textures. These soils produce wines, including Sauvignon Blancs, characterized by remarkable elegance, complexity and understated power.”
– Kristin Belair, Honig Vineyard & Winery
Notable Wines sourced from Rutherford AVA
PATEL – Napa Valley 2016 ‘Rutherford’ Cabernet Sauvignon
Patel’s 2016 Cabernet Sauvignon (Rutherford) emerges from one of the top sites in the appellation. Cedar, tobacco, mint, red cherry, chocolate and menthol nuances are vivid in the glass. Medium in body and yet super resonant, the Rutherford Cabernet is another stellar wine in this range. The 2016 is already quite pliant and supple. Accordingly, it will drink well with minimal cellaring.
Castello di Amorosa 2010 ‘Don Thomas Vineyard’ Cabernet Sauvignon
From the Don Thomas Vineyard in Rutherford, this single vineyard wine, supplies a powerful, but elegant aromas with a smooth, rich palate and long lingering finish that is typical of wines from this terrior.
PEJU 2007 ‘Rutherford Reserve’ Cabernet Sauvignon
The 2007 is a classic Rutherford Cabernet with aromas of cherry cola, black currant and a hint of sage and cedar. Rich blackberry cobbler, black cherries, holiday spice and a hint of cigar box punctuate soft, voluptuous tannins and an incredibly long finish.
Duckhorn Vineyards 2019 ‘Rutherford Napa Valley Cabernet Sauvignon’ Cabernet Sauvignon
The Rutherford winegrowing region has long been the source for some of the Napa Valley’s most storied Cabernets, and for many years, this coveted fruit has played an important role in our Napa Valley Cabernet Sauvignon. Building on our experience with these exceptional grapes, this wine captures the essence of Rutherford Cabernet Sauvignon, from its lovely layers of blackberry, cassis and tobacco to the dusty minerality that has come to define the legendary wines from this appellation.
Rutherford Resources and References
- § 9.133 Rutherford. Code of Federal Regulations.
- Beaulieu Garden: Our History.
- Bordeaux Varietal Production in Rutherford Climate. Calwineries. 2007.
- Palmer, Lyman L.; Wells, Harry Laurenz (1881). History of Napa and Lake Counties, California. Slocum, Bowen & Company. ISBN 978-1363000555.
- Weber, Lin (1998). Old Napa Valley: The History to 1900. Wine Ventures Publishing. ISBN 9780966701401.
- Rutherford Dust Society.